Eyes

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 AQUEOUS HUMOUR(anterior compartment)

-aqueous humour is clear fluid which fills the space between

the cornea in front and the lens .

- anterior compartment is further divided into two small compartment by iris ,and they commuincate by pupil.

- circulation of aqueous humour : aqueous humour is produce by ciliary processes. Extra aqueous humour is passes via iridocorneal angle through canal of Schlemen and finlay drained into ciliary veins.

-CLINICAL ANATOMY:Over production of aqueous humour or lack of its

drainage raise the intraocular

pressure. The condition is called glaucoma. It must

be treated urgently.

VITREOUS HUMOUR(posterior compartment )

-colourless, jelly-like transparent mass which fills

the posterior compartment enclosed in hyaloid membrane.

-Behind it is attached to the optic disc, and in front to the ora serrata.

-the hyaloid canal extends from optic disc to lens. the canal marks the site of hyaloid artery in fetus, hyaloid artery is continuation of central artery ,which disappears 6 weeks before birth.

LENS

-lens is unusual biological structure, its is transparent , and biconvex in shape.

-placed between anterior and posterior chamber by suspensory ligament (or zonule of Zinn).

-The central points of the anterior and posterior surfaces are called poles , line connecting the poles called axis, and the marginal circumference is called equator.

-The lens is enclosed in a transparent capsule, the anterior surface of

the lens is covered by a capsular epithelium, made up of a

single layer of cubical cells. Lens fibres are arranged concentrically to form lens substance. The center of lens consists of oldest fibres.

-The lens can vary its dioptric power (about 15 dioptres to the total of 58 dioptric). A dioptre is

the inverse of the focal length in meters.

-CLINICAL ANATOMY

    _ Lens becomes opaque with increasing age (cataract).

   _central artery of retina is an end-artery. Blockage of the artery leads to sudden blindness.

   _Left third nerve paralysis causes partial ptosis and dilated pupil.

_Horner's syndrome results in partial ptosis and miosis.

_with ophthalmoscope doctor can examine the optic disc for papilloedema, caused by raised intracranial pressure.


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