Coagulation of blood

-

 it is the process in which blood loses its fluidity and become a jelly like masses few minutes after it is shed out or collected in a container.

During this process,

➡️the fibrinogen is converted into fibrin.

➡️ fibrin threads get attached to the loose platelet plug.

➡️ it blocks the ruptured blood vessel and prevent further blood loss completely.

Stages of Blood Clotting:

In general blood clotting occurs in three stages

STAGE 1: FORMATION OF PROTHROMBIN ACTIVATOR

 • Blood clotting start with the formation of a substance called prothrombin activator. It converts prothombin into thrombin.

 • Formation of prothrombin activator occurs by two pathways: intrinsic pathway(initiated by platelets) and extrinsic pathways(initiated by tissue thromboplastin).

STAGE 2: CONVERSION OF PROTHROMBIN INTO THROMBIN

 • Prothrombin activator converts prothombin into thrombin in the presence of calcium (factor IV)

STAGE 3: CONVERSION OF FIBRINOGEN INTO FIBRIN

It involves the conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin by thromobin.

 • Thombin converts inactive fibrinogen into activeted fibrinogen. The activated fibrinogen is called fibrin monomer.

 • In the presence of calcium ion , fibrin stabilizing factor , stabilize monomer fibrin into dense and tight fibrin. And finally stable clot is formed.


Comments

Post a Comment

If you have any doubts, please let me know

Popular posts from this blog

Pulmonary tb | Classiffication of drugs used in tuberculosis  | first line drugs | second line drugs  | second line newer drugs  | isoniazide | rifampicin | Uses of rifampicin  |

-
Pulmonary tb is the bacterial infection of the lungs caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis... It can cause various symptoms like chest pain,difficulty in breadthing and severe coughing... Classiffication of drugs used in tuberculosis  1.first line drugs  -isoniazid(H)  -rifampicin(R)  -pyrazinimide(z)  -ethambutol(E)  -streptomycin(S)  2.second line drugs  -thiacetazone(tzn)  -para amino salicylic acide(pASA)  -ethionamide(etm)  -kanamycin(kmc)  -amikacin(am)  -capriyomycin(cpr)  3.second line newer drugs  -ciprofloxacin  -ofloxacin  -azithromycin  -clarithromycin  -rivabutn isoniazide  -first line anti tubercular drugs  -it is bacteriostatic for resting bacili and bactericidal for rapidlly diving organism -act on both extracelluar and intracellular tb bacilli  -MOA (inhibit the synthesis of mycolic acid which is present in the mycobacterial cel wall) -atypical mycobacteria are n...
Read more

Shock | Shock- clinical features | Classification | Cardiogenic shock – |Hypovolemic shock – | Septic shock – | Neurogenic shock-| Anaphylactic shock-  | Pathogenesis of septic shock | Stages of shock | Non-progressive phase- | Progressive stage-  | Irreversible stage- | Morphology | Clinical features of shock |

-
Contents [hide]  Shock  Definition- Systemic hypoperfusion owing to reduction in either cardiac output or in the effective circulating blood volume. Shock- clinical features Hypotension Tachycardia Cold clammy skin Rapid shallow respiration. Drowsiness.  confusion, irritability Multi organ failure. Classification  Cardiogenic shock –  myocardial pump failure – Intrinsic myocardial damage (infarction), vent. Arrhythmias,  extrinsic comopression (cardiac tamponade) or outflow obstruction (pulmonary embolism). Hypovolemic shock –  loss of blood or plasma volume-  by h’hage, fluid loss from severe burns or trauma. Septic shock –  systemic microbial infection most commonly in gram negative infectns(endotoxic shock) ,can occur with gram +ve & fungal infectns Neurogenic shock- anaesthetic accident or spinal cord injury. Anaphylactic shock-  due to loss of vascular tone & peripheral pooling of blood- IgE mediated response -sys vasodil...
Read more

Vitamins

-
 name differnt vitamins , symptoms of difiency of vit D, Vit K 10mark VITAMINS:- (2 mark) Vitamins are defined as "Small organic molecules present in diet which are required in small amounts "  • most of the vitamin are not synthesized in the body and hence they most be supplied in the diet.  • however, few provitamins are present in the body , which are converted to vitamins. types of vitamin: Vitamins are divided into two groups  1. Fat soluble vitamins  • Vitamin A  • Vitamin D  • Vitamin E  • Vitamin K  2. Water soluble vitamins  • Vitamin B complex  • Vitamin C Vitamin A (5 Mark)  • They are retinol (vitamin A alcohol), Retinal (vitamin A aldehyde) and retinoic acid (Vitamin A acid).  • in nature vitamin A occurs in two forms.  a. retinolesters- in the food of animal origin.  b. carotenes- in plant foods as provitamin.  • in the intestine, pancreatic esterase hydrolyzes retinolesters present in the ...
Read more